Road Layers Explained: GSB, WMM, DBM & BC
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Road Layers Explained: GSB, WMM, DBM & BC

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A complete technical breakdown of road pavement layers from sub-grade to bituminous concrete.

Road Pavement Structure

A flexible pavement consists of multiple layers: Sub-grade → GSB → WMM → DBM → BC.

GSB (Granular Sub-Base)

GSB is the first structural layer above sub-grade. Compaction: 98% of MDD. Thickness: typically 150–200mm.

WMM (Wet Mix Macadam)

WMM provides the base course with crushed aggregates. Compaction: 100% of MDD. Thickness: typically 150–250mm.

DBM & BC

DBM is the binder course (4–5% bitumen). BC is the wearing course (5–6% bitumen) providing the traffic surface.
CivilRoadsPavement

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